Through subsequent lithography, etching, thin-film deposition, and integration processes, carbon nanotube wafers can be fabricated into a series of high-performance electronic devices and chips, including carbon nanotube transistors, CNT 3D capacitors, high-frequency/RF devices, and advanced node integrated circuits. Inherently featuring high speed, low power consumption, and high frequency, these devices primarily serve pioneering fields with stringent requirements for compute performance, energy efficiency, and operating frequency: